553: Key Terms

Law and American Society: Study Guide

The Constitution. This site presents the main idea of each article, section and clause of the Constitution. You should study it carefully.

Unit 1: Overview

Friedman, 1-19

Law

Lawyers

Formal v. Informal law

Common law

Civil law

Social control

Codes

Statutes

Appellate judges

Trial courts

Trial by Jury

Federal

Diversity cases

Judicial review

Marbury v. Madison

Pyramid of courts

Opinions

"Autonomous"

Tyranny of the majority

Legitimacy

Majority rule

Friedman, 37-72

Laissez Faire

Contract

Dynamic property

Static property

Law of torts

Farwell v. Boston and Worcester RR Co.

Roger Taney

Charles River Bridge case

Fletcher v. Peck

Dartmouth College v. Woodward

No fault divorce

Friedman, 75-80, 91-119

Victimless crime

Moral consensus

Heresy

Banishment

Shaming

Felony

Misdemeanor

Plea Bargain

Extreme due process

Rules of evidence

Victorian compromise

Comstock law, 1873

Madame Restell

Mann Act, 1910

Prohibition (18th Amendment)

Volstead Act

Temperance ideology

Industrialization

Urbanization

Furman v. Georgia, 1972

Gregg v. Georgia, 1976

War on Drugs

Law and order

Mandatory sentences

Sentencing guidelines

Racial profiling

Social norms

Partial enforcement

Incarceration rates

US:

2008: 754/100,000

1980: 220/100,000

World: 145/100,000

England: 148/100,000

Norway: 66/100,000

Friedman, 125-9, 134-57, 172-83

Administrative-welfare state

Sherman Anti-Trust Act, 1890

Sick Chicken Case

Schechter Poultry Corp v. U.S., 1936

Court packing plan

Wagner Act

Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896

Warren Court

Brown v. Board of Eduction, 1954

"All deliberate speed"

[Massive resistence]

Loving v. Virginia, 1967

Civil Rights Act, 1964

[EEOC]

Voting Rights Act, 1965

"Trigger" mechanism

["Covered jurisdictions"]

[Preclearance]

Due proces revolution

Gideon v. Wainwright, 1963

Miranda v. Arizona, 1966

Miranda warning

Baker v. Carr, 1962

Legislative reapportionment

"One man, one vote"

Plural equality

Reed v. Reed, 1971

Protective laws

Tinker v. Des Moines, 1969

Americans with Disabilities Act, 1990

Griswold v. Connecticut, 1965

Right to Privacy

Roe v. Wade, 1973

Hyde Amendment

Bowers v. Hardwick, 1986

[Lawrence v. Texas, 2003]

Burger Court

Renquist Court

Wickard v. Filburn, 1942

Katzenbach. v. McClung, 1964

Ollie's BBQ

States' rights

United States v. Lopez, 1995

New federalism

Block grants

Rights consciousness

Unit 2: Supreme Court in US History

The Marshall Court

Marbury v. Madison

Judicial review

Writ of mandamus

Original jurisdiction

Apellate jurisdiction

Contract clause

Fletcher v. Peck, 1810

Yazoo land grants

Vested rights*

McCulloch v. Maryland

Elastic Clause ("necessary and proper")

Implied powers

Enumerated or express powers

Loose v. strict construction

Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward

Sturges v. Crowninshield (bankruptcy)

Gibbons v. Ogden, 1824 (Steamboat Case)

Ogden v. Saunders, 1827

Concurrent power

Retrospective v. prospective interference

The Supreme Court and Race

Privileges and immunities clause

Due process clause

Equal protection clause

Slaughterhouse cases

Civil Rights Cases

Plessy v. Ferguson

Yick Wo

Supreme Court and the Industrial Revolution

Substantive due process

Procedural due proces

Liberty of contract

Sweatshop laws

Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.

Debs injunction

Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.

"Felt necessities of the times"

Judicial restraint

Muller v. Oregon

Brandeis Brief

Adair v. United States

Adkins v. Children's Hospital

Lochner

Rufus Peckham

Reasonableness test

20th Century Reform

Four Horsemen of Reaction

Sick Chicken Case

Processing taxes

AAA & NIRA

General Welfare Clause

Court packing plan

Unconscionable employers

National Labor Relations Act

Collective bargaining

Switch in time that saved nine

The Nation at War

Habeas corpus

"One law in war and peace"

"Fire in a crowded theater"

Clear and present danger test

Bad tendency test

Direct incitement

Learned Hand

Implied v. direct provocation

Espionage Act

Sedition Act

Genetic disloyalty

Rational basis

Strict scrutiny

Abrams v. U.S.

Seditious libel

Brandenburg v. Ohio

Imminent lawless action test

Zachariah Chafee

John Stuart Mill, On Liberty

Free market of ideas

"Fighting faiths"

Warren Court, 1953-1969

Footnote four

Strict scrutiny

Rational basis test

"All deliberate speed"

Southern Manifesto

Massive resistence

Cooper v. Aaron

William J. Brennan

Supremacy Clause

Establishment clause

Wall of separation

Engel v. Vitale

Abington Township v. Schempp

Gideon v. Wainwright

Mal-apportionment

Reynolds v. Sims

Miranda v. Arizona

U.S. v. O'Brien

Tinker v. Des Moines

NY Times v. Sullivan

"Reckless disregard"

The Roberts Court

Griswold v. Conn.

Roe v. Wade

Right of privacy

Roper v. Simmons

Dog whistle politics

Standing

Ledbetter v. Goodyear

Grutter v. Bollinger

Stare decisis

Parents Involved

Color blind Constitution

Second Amendment

Originalism

Textualism

US v. Miller

Prinz

US v. Emerson

DC v. Heller

Blackstone

US v. Miller

Prefatory clause

Operative clause

Bryer/Souter jurisprudence

Unenumerated rights

Active liberty

Natural law

Intentionalist

Textualist

Pragmatist

Positive rights

Citizens United

Santa Clara County

Tillman Act

Buckley v. Valeo

McCain-Feingold (BCRA)

Citizens United v. FEC

Malcolm Stewart

O'Connor/Scalia jurisprudence

Narrow opinions

Minimalist opinions

Broad rules

Federalism revolution

Undue burden test

Casey

Judicial humility

Grutter v. Bollnger

Living Constitution

Evolving standards of decency

Hamdi v. Rumsfeld

Religion

Wall of separation

Lee v. Wiseman

Affirmative Action

Bakke v. Regents

Grutter v. Bollinger

Compelling interest

Racial balancing

Narrow tailoring

*Vested right: a right belonging so absolutely, completely, and unconditionally to a person that it cannot be defeated by the act of any private person and that is entitled to governmental protection usu. under a constitutional guarantee <the contract clause remained extremely important for the protection of vested rights against state legislation — C.B.Swisher> Mirriam-Webster.com